Flutter 与开源鸿蒙（OpenHarmony）扩展开发指南：自定义插件、系统能力封装与生态工具链建设

graph LR
  A[Dart 业务代码] -->|MethodChannel| B[Platform Interface]
  B --> C{平台实现}
  C -->|Android| D[android/src/...]
  C -->|iOS| E[ios/Classes/...]
  C -->|OpenHarmony| F[ohos/src/main/cpp + ets]
  F --> G[OpenHarmony SDK]
  G --> H1[@ohos.sensor]
  G --> H2[@ohos.bluetooth]
  G --> H3[@ohos.notification]

flutter create --template=plugin --platforms=android,ios flutter_ohos_sensors
cd flutter_ohos_sensors
mkdir -p ohos/src/main/cpp
mkdir -p ohos/src/main/ets

import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

class OhosSensor {
  static const _channel = MethodChannel('dev.example/sensors');

  static Stream<SensorData> get accelerometer {
    return EventChannel('dev.example/sensors/accelerometer')
        .receiveBroadcastStream()
        .map((event) => SensorData.fromJson(event as Map));
  }

  static Future<void> startListening() async {
    await _channel.invokeMethod('startAccelerometer');
  }
}

class SensorData {
  final double x, y, z;
  SensorData({required this.x, required this.y, required this.z});
  factory SensorData.fromJson(Map<dynamic, dynamic> json) =>
      SensorData(x: json['x'], y: json['y'], z: json['z']);
}

#include "napi/native_api.h"
#include "sensor_client.h" // OpenHarmony 传感器 SDK

static napi_ref eventCallbackRef = nullptr;

// 传感器数据回调
void OnAccelerometerData(double x, double y, double z) {
  napi_env env = ...; // 获取当前 env
  napi_value jsData;
  napi_create_object(env, &jsData);
  napi_set_named_property(env, jsData, "x", CreateDouble(env, x));
  napi_set_named_property(env, jsData, "y", CreateDouble(env, y));
  napi_set_named_property(env, jsData, "z", CreateDouble(env, z));

  // 调用 Dart 注册的 EventCallback
  napi_value undefined;
  napi_get_undefined(env, &undefined);
  napi_call_function(env, undefined, callback, 1, &jsData, nullptr);
}

napi_value StartAccelerometer(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
  SubscribeSensor(SENSOR_TYPE_ACCELEROMETER, OnAccelerometerData);
  return nullptr;
}

import sensor from '@ohos.sensor';

export function initSensorPlugin() {
  // 预加载传感器权限
  sensor.on(sensor.SensorType.ACCELEROMETER, (data) => {
    // 可转发至 C++ 或直接通过 JS Bridge
  });
}

import { initSensorPlugin } from './SensorBridge';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  onCreate() {
    initSensorPlugin(); // 初始化传感器
    flutterEngine.registerPlugin('sensors', nativeSensorModule);
  }
}

// Dart
Future<void> showOhosNotification(String title, String content) async {
  await MethodChannel('ohos/notification').invokeMethod('show', {
    'title': title,
    'content': content,
    'slotType': 'social' // OpenHarmony 通知渠道
  });
}

// OpenHarmony (TS)
import notificationManager from '@ohos.notification';

function show(args: any) {
  const request = {
    id: Date.now(),
    name: 'social',
    title: args.title,
    text: args.content,
    slotType: ohosNotification.SlotType.SOCIAL_COMMUNICATION
  };
  notificationManager.publish(request);
}

npm install -g @ohos/flutter-cli

ohos-flutter build --release --target-device phone
ohos-flutter run --device-id XXXXXXXX

{
  "products": [{
    "name": "default",
    "signingConfig": "default",
    "compatibleSdkVersion": 4.1,
    "plugins": ["flutter_hap_pack"]
  }]
}

#include "hilog/log.h"
OH_LOG_Print(LOG_APP, LOG_INFO, LOG_DOMAIN, "SensorPlugin", "Start accelerometer");

*** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
pid: 1234, tid: 5678
signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR)
backtrace:
    #00 pc 00012345 libflutter_sensors.so
    #01 pc 00067890 libace_napi.so

# pubspec.yaml
topics:
  - openharmony
  - sensors
  - bluetooth