用python解析xml (查找带有特定文本的标记)
用python解析xml (查找带有特定文本的标记)
提问于 2019-02-07 12:35:57
我的任务是处理xml文件，查找特定元素并将它们导出到csv文件中。
我在某些信息上遇到了困难，这些信息是相同标签上的：
<name>text</name>
<value>value</value>每个名称标签包含不同的值，我只需要其中的一些。我尝试用下面的代码循环这个文件：
try:
descr = member.find('.//name').text
if descr == 'description':
plugin.append(descr)
except AttributeError:
descr = 'Unknown'
plugin.append(descr)但它只返回“未知”
我的整个代码都是这样的(尚未完成)：
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import csv
tree = ET.parse('plugins.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
nessus_out = open('/home/rj/Documents/python/nessus_out.csv', 'w')
csvwriter = csv.writer(nessus_out)
for member in root.findall('nasl'):
plugin = []
id = member.find('script_id').text
plugin.append(id)
name = member.find('script_name').text
plugin.append(name)
family = member.find('script_family').text
plugin.append(family)
#for each in member.iterfind('nasl'):
try:
solution = member.xpath('.//name/text()')
if solution == 'solution':
plugin.append(solution)
except AttributeError:
solution = 'Unknown'
plugin.append(solution)
csvwriter.writerow(plugin)
nessus_out.close()最终目标是寻找“解决方案”，并从其标签中获取相应的值。
xml结构如下：
nasl_plugins
nasl_plugins/nasl
nasl_plugins/nasl/filename
nasl_plugins/nasl/script_id
nasl_plugins/nasl/script_name
nasl_plugins/nasl/script_family
nasl_plugins/nasl/attributes/attribute/name
nasl_plugins/nasl/attributes/attribute/value对丹尼尔来说：
Xml片段：
<nasl>
<filename>fedora_2017-c3149b5fcb.nasl</filename>
<script_id>101028</script_id>
<script_name>Fedora 25 : xen (2017-c3149b5fcb)</script_name>
<script_version>$Revision: 1.5 $</script_version>
<script_copyright>This script is Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc.</script_copyright>
<script_family>Fedora Local Security Checks</script_family>
<cves>
<cve>CVE-2017-10911</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10912</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10913</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10915</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10916</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10917</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10918</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10919</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10920</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10923</cve>
</cves>
<bids>
</bids>
<xrefs>
<xref>FEDORA:2017-c3149b5fcb</xref>
<xref>IAVB:2017-B-0074</xref>
</xrefs>
<dependencies>
<dependency>ssh_get_info.nasl</dependency>
</dependencies>
<required_keys>
<key>Host/local_checks_enabled</key>
<key>Host/RedHat/release</key>
<key>Host/RedHat/rpm-list</key>
</required_keys>
<attribute>
<name>plugin_type</name>
<value>local</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>plugin_modification_date</name>
<value>2018/02/02</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>stig_severity</name>
<value>I</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>cvss_base_score</name>
<value>10.0</value>
</attribute>
</attributes> 我要寻找的是stig_severity、base_cvss_score和som等的价值。所以我的理由是去寻找，然后他们沿着一条线移动，得到价值。至于csv，我需要它在一个线公关。插件，所以在这种格式：id,name,family,solution,description,synopsis,base_cvss_score,plugin_type,stig_severity，然后值下一行的下一个插件。
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2019-02-07 23:11:52
看起来，您想要的一些值是nasl的直接子值，还有一些是attributes/attribute中的。
您可以做的是有两个列表(或多个元组)；一个具有确切的元素名称，另一个具有确切的属性名称(attribute/name)。
注意:这听起来可能有点混乱，因为在本例中，“属性名称”实际上是一个名为" attribute“的元素，其子元素名为"name”，而不是真正的名为"name“的XML属性。
组合这些元组将给您CSV中的所有字段。您可以使用它构建一个包含默认值为Unknown的所有字段的dict。
然后可以迭代两个元组来构建两种不同类型的XPaths。如果元素存在，则在dict中更新文本值。否则，该值将保持为Unknown。
例如..。
XML输入 (test.xml)
<nasl_plugins>
<nasl>
<filename>fedora_2017-c3149b5fcb.nasl</filename>
<script_id>101028</script_id>
<script_name>Fedora 25 : xen (2017-c3149b5fcb)</script_name>
<script_version>$Revision: 1.5 $</script_version>
<script_copyright>This script is Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Tenable Network Security,
Inc.</script_copyright>
<script_family>Fedora Local Security Checks</script_family>
<cves>
<cve>CVE-2017-10911</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10912</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10913</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10915</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10916</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10917</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10918</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10919</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10920</cve>
<cve>CVE-2017-10923</cve>
</cves>
<bids> </bids>
<xrefs>
<xref>FEDORA:2017-c3149b5fcb</xref>
<xref>IAVB:2017-B-0074</xref>
</xrefs>
<dependencies>
<dependency>ssh_get_info.nasl</dependency>
</dependencies>
<required_keys>
<key>Host/local_checks_enabled</key>
<key>Host/RedHat/release</key>
<key>Host/RedHat/rpm-list</key>
</required_keys>
<attributes>
<attribute>
<name>plugin_type</name>
<value>local</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>plugin_modification_date</name>
<value>2018/02/02</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>stig_severity</name>
<value>I</value>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>cvss_base_score</name>
<value>10.0</value>
</attribute>
</attributes>
</nasl>
</nasl_plugins>Python3.x
import csv
from lxml import etree
elem_names = ('script_id', 'script_name', 'script_family')
attr_names = ('solution', 'description', 'synopsis', 'cvss_base_score', 'plugin_type',
'stig_severity')
field_names = elem_names + attr_names
with open('test.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf8') as xml_data_to_csv:
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(xml_data_to_csv, fieldnames=field_names,
quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)
csv_writer.writeheader()
tree = etree.parse('test.xml')
for nasl in tree.xpath('.//nasl'):
# Build a dict containing all of the "field_names" with default values of "Unknown".
values = {key: 'Unknown' for key in field_names}
# Process the direct children of "nasl".
for elem_name in elem_names:
for child in nasl.xpath(f'*[self::{elem_name}]'):
values[child.tag] = child.text
# Process attribute with matching attribute names.
for attr_name in attr_names:
for val in nasl.xpath(f'attributes/attribute[name="{attr_name}"]/value'):
values[attr_name] = val.text
csv_writer.writerow(values)输出 (test.csv)
"script_id","script_name","script_family","solution","description","synopsis","cvss_base_score","plugin_type","stig_severity"
"101028","Fedora 25 : xen (2017-c3149b5fcb)","Fedora Local Security Checks","Unknown","Unknown","Unknown","10.0","local","I"页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54573496
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