我有以下向量
> X <- c(1,1,3,4)
> a <- c(1,1,2,2)
> b <- c(2,1,4,3)
> c <- c(2,1,4,6)我想将X的每个元素与a、b和c的对应元素进行比较,最后,我需要为X的每一行分配一个类。
实际上,每个向量有上千行,每一行我都要这样做。任何以不那么复杂的方式做这件事的建议。我更喜欢使用R的基函数。
发布于 2014-05-08 15:54:12
根据rbatt的评论和回答,我意识到我原来的答案非常缺乏。这是重拍..。
match_nearest <- function( x, table )
{
dist <- x - table
tgt <- which( dist < 0, arr.ind=TRUE, useNames=F )
dist[tgt] <- abs( dist[tgt] + .5 )
table[ cbind( seq_along(x), max.col( -dist, ties.method="first" ) ) ]
}
X <- c(1,1,3,4)
a <- c(1,1,2,2)
b <- c(2,1,4,3)
c <- c(2,1,4,6)
paste(X, match_nearest(X, cbind(a,b,c) ), sep="-")
## [1] "1-1" "1-1" "3-4" "4-3"和原来的答案相比,我们发现两者都不正确!
set.seed(1)
X <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
a <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
b <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
c <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
T <- current_solution(X,a,b,c)
R <- rbatt_solution(X,a,b,c)
all.equal( T, R )
## [1] "195 string mismatches"
# Look at mismatched rows...
mismatch <- head( which( T != R ) )
cbind(X,a,b,c)[mismatch,]
## X a b c
## [1,] 4 6 3 3
## [2,] 5 7 4 7
## [3,] 5 8 3 9
## [4,] 5 7 7 4
## [5,] 4 6 3 7
## [6,] 5 7 4 2
T[mismatch]
## [1] "4-3" "5-4" "5-3" "5-4" "4-3" "5-4"
R[mismatch]
## [1] "4-6" "5-7" "5-8" "5-7" "4-6" "5-7"毫无必要的慢下来..。
library(microbenchmark)
bm <- microbenchmark( current_solution(X,a,b,c),
previous_solution(X,a,b,c),
rbatt_solution(X,a,b,c) )
print(bm, order="median")
## Unit: milliseconds
## expr min lq median uq max neval
## current_solution(X, a, b, c) 7.088 7.298 7.996 8.268 38.25 100
## rbatt_solution(X, a, b, c) 33.920 38.236 46.524 53.441 85.50 100
## previous_solution(X, a, b, c) 83.082 93.869 101.997 115.961 135.98 100看起来current_solution是正确的;但是没有预期的输出.
这是功能..。
current_solution <- function(X,a,b,c) {
paste(X, match_nearest(X, cbind(a,b,c) ), sep="-")
}
# DO NOT USE... it is wrong!
previous_solution <- function(X,a,b,c) {
dat <- rbind(X,a,b,c)
v <- apply(dat,2, function(v) {
v2 <- v[1] - v
v2[v2<0] <- abs( v2[v2<0]) - 1
v[ which.min( v2[-1] ) + 1 ]
})
paste("X", v, sep="-")
}
# DO NOT USE... it is wrong!
rbatt_solution <- function(X,a,b,c) {
mat <- cbind(X,a,b,c)
diff.signed <- mat[,"X"]-mat[,c("a","b","c")]
diff.break <- abs(diff.signed) + sign(diff.signed)*0.5
min.ind <- apply(diff.break, 1, which.min)
ind.array <- matrix(c(1:nrow(mat),min.ind), ncol=2)
match.value <- mat[,c("a","b","c")][ind.array]
ref.class <- paste(X, match.value, sep="-")
ref.class
}发布于 2014-05-08 20:03:20
此解决方案应提供所需的输出。而且,它比Thell的解决方案快3倍,因为这些差异是矢量化的,不能用apply逐行计算。
我比较了下面两种方法的时间。注意,如果您希望将"class“作为data.frame中的另一列,只需取消注释我函数的最后一行。我将其注释掉是为了使这两个答案之间的计算时间更具可比性(创建data.frame相当慢)。
# Example data from Thell, plus 1 more
X1 <- c(1,1,3,4,7,1, 5)
a1 <- c(1,1,2,2,2,2, 9)
b1 <- c(2,1,4,3,3,3, 3)
c1 <- c(2,1,4,6,6,6, 7)
# Random example data, much larger
# X1 <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
# a1 <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
# b1 <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)
# c1 <- rbinom(n=1E4, size=10, prob=0.5)我的答案是:
rbTest <- function(){
mat <- cbind(X1,a1,b1,c1)
diff.signed <- mat[,"X1"]-mat[,c("a1","b1","c1")] # differences (with sign)
diff.break <- abs(diff.signed) + sign(diff.signed)*0.5 # penalize for differences that are negative by adding 0.5 to them (break ties by preferring higher integer)
min.ind <- apply(diff.break, 1, which.min) # index of smallest difference (prefer larger integers when there is a tie)
ind.array <- matrix(c(1:nrow(mat),min.ind), ncol=2) # array index format
match.value <- mat[,c("a1","b1","c1")][ind.array] # value of the smallest difference (value of the match)
ref.class <- paste(X1, match.value, sep="-") # the 'class' in the format 'ref-match'
ref.class
# data.frame(class=ref.class, mat)
}thTest <- function(){
dat <- rbind(X1,a1,b1,c1)
apply(dat,2, function(v) {
# Get distance
v2 <- v[1] - v
# Prefer values >= v[1]
v2[v2<0] <- abs( v2[v2<0]) - 1
# Obtain and return nearest v excluding v[1]
v[ which.min( v2[-1] ) + 1 ]
})
}大型矩阵的基准测试(10,000行)
# > microbenchmark(rbTest(), thTest())
# Unit: milliseconds
# expr min lq median uq max neval
# rbTest() 47.95451 52.01729 59.36161 71.94076 103.1314 100
# thTest() 167.49798 180.69627 195.02828 204.19916 315.0610 100小矩阵基准(7行)
# > microbenchmark(rbTest(), thTest())
# Unit: microseconds
# expr min lq median uq max neval
# rbTest() 108.299 112.3550 115.4225 119.4630 146.722 100
# thTest() 147.727 152.2015 155.9005 159.3115 235.898 100示例输出(小矩阵):
# > rbTest()
# [1] "1-1" "1-1" "3-4" "4-3" "7-6" "1-2" "5-7" "6-1"
# > thTest()
# [1] 1 1 4 3 6 2 7https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23542123
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