blocks|key|1106413|text|每种编程语言都是一种正式的语言，因此对我来说，谈论一种“正式的编程语言”没有多大意义。(或者有人懂非正式的编程语言？)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1106414|形式语言是一种具有精确的数学构造规则的语言。或者，更准确地说，它是某个字母表上的一组单词。例如，如果您使用由字母a、b和c组成的字母表，则此字母表上的正式语言可能是一个集合{a，aa，aba，ca}。当然，这样的语言不会很有用--关键是有了一组不错的构造规则，您就可以创建一种语言，如C或PostScript。|offset|length|style|CODE|1106415|至于“构造规则”，它们可以是形式语法(请参阅CSS的语法)、正则表达式(请参阅RFC822定义的电子邮件地址的此gorgeous+regex+)、自动机或非通用算法。|1106416|1106417|如果你觉得你对这个东西不太了解，不要绝望，因为这不是一个很好的解释:-)在形式语言的概念背后有很多思考。我建议您尝试消化Wikipedia+entry，并查找更多的教程和书籍。它很有趣，你会学到很多关于编译器，正则表达式，图灵机和其他数字人类奇迹的背景知识。|1106418|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/grammar.html|1|http://www.ex-parrot.com/pdw/Mail-RFC822-Address.html|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language^0|0|1K|1|1M|1|1O|1|2F|1|2H|2|2K|3|2O|2|0|M|3|0|1K|E|1|0|0|1O|F|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Z|8|@$D|10|E|11|F|G]|$D|12|E|13|F|G]|$D|14|E|15|F|G]|$D|16|E|17|F|G]|$D|18|E|19|F|G]|$D|1A|E|1B|F|G]|$D|1C|E|1D|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@$D|1F|E|1G|1|1H]|$D|1I|E|1J|1|1K]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@$D|1N|E|1O|1|1P]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]|U|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|V]]|W|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|X]]]]

Every programming language is a formal language, so that it does not make much sense to me to speak of a “formal programming language.” (Or does somebody know an informal programming language?)

Formal language is a language with mathematically precise construction rules. Or, more precisely, it’s a set of words over some alphabet. For example, if you take alphabet consisting of the letters <code>a</code>, <code>b</code> and <code>c</code>, a formal language over this alphabet could be a set {<code>a</code>, <code>aa</code>, <code>aba</code>, <code>ca</code>}. Of course such a language would not be very useful – the point is that with a decent set of construction rules you can create a language such as C or PostScript.

As for the “construction rules,” they could be a formal grammar (see grammar for <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/grammar.html" rel="noreferrer">CSS</a>), a regular expression (see this <a href="http://www.ex-parrot.com/pdw/Mail-RFC822-Address.html" rel="noreferrer">gorgeous regex</a> for e-mail addresses as defined by RFC 822), an automaton or a general algorithm.

<hr>

If you feel you don’t understand the thing a tiny bit more, do not despair, for this is not a very good explanation :-) There’s a lot of thinking behind the concept of formal languages. I’d suggest that you try and digest the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language" rel="noreferrer">Wikipedia entry</a> and look for more tutorials and books. It’s fun and you will learn a lot about the background of compilers, regular expressions, Turing machines and other wonders of digital mankind.

blocks|key|361533|text|正式意味着定义良好。每种可以用来定义可执行程序的编程语言都必须定义良好，以便机器能够理解它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|361534|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Formal means well defined. Every programming language that can be used to define executable programs has to be well defined so that machines can understand it.

blocks|key|1684515|text|它不是一种“正式语言”，而是一种正式的编程方法：Wikipedia。它不需要是一种特定的语言，而是您编写规范和验证代码的方式。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1684516|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methods^0|O|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

It's not a "formal language" it's a formal method of programming: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methods" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia</a>. It needn't be a specific language but rather the way you write specification and verify the code.

blocks|key|1684383|text|这是wikipedia的摘录|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1684384|约翰·C·雷诺兹强调，形式规范语言和用于执行的语言一样是编程语言。他还认为，影响计算机行为的文本甚至图形输入格式都是编程语言，尽管它们通常不是图灵完备的。他还指出，对编程语言概念的忽视是输入格式存在许多缺陷的原因。|1684385|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language^0|2|9|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

Thats an extract from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language" rel="nofollow noreferrer">wikipedia</a>

"John C. Reynolds emphasizes that formal specification languages are just as much programming languages as are the languages intended for execution. He also argues that textual and even graphical input formats that affect the behavior of a computer are programming languages, despite the fact they are commonly not Turing-complete, and remarks that ignorance of programming language concepts is the reason for many flaws in input formats"

blocks|key|3092936|text|形式语言是一种只考虑格式良好性的语言。这意味着充分和必要的条件是坚持它的规则。一个规则示例：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3092937|例如。如果我们将十进制数的语言定义为{x+%7C没有前导零的有限数字集}。(简单地说，小数是指一系列数字。)|3092938|因此，如果包含上述规则的语言是正式的，它应该遵守给定的规则。|3092939|但在实际使用中，如果语言将001视为十进制数，我们可以得出结论，该编程语言不是正式的，因为它并不完全符合它所定义的规则集。|3092940|通常，语言解析器会检查这些规则。因此，正式的语言应该总是格式良好的(严格遵循自己的规则)|3092941|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

Formal languages are languages which only consider about the well-formedness nothing else. That means the sufficient and necessary condition is to adhere to its rules.
An example rule:

For eg. If we define language for decimal numbers as {x | finite set of digits without leading zeroes}. (simply put, decimals means a sequence of digits.)

So if the language containing above rule to be formal,it should adhere adhere to the given rule. 

But in practical usage, if the language treats 001 as a decimal number we can conclude the programming language is not formal, Since its not exactly according to the rule set it defines.

Normally language parsers checks these rules.
So a formal language should always be well-formed (following its own rules strictly)

blocks|key|3093048|text|其他答案与根据计算机科学对正式编程语言的定义有关。然而，这个答案与根据社会科学(wannabe)科学的正式编程语言的定义有关。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3093049|根据dictionary.com的说法，“正式”的一个定义是being+in+accordance+with+the+usual+requirements,+customs,+etc.;+conventional。|offset|length|style|CODE|3093050|正式编程语言是一种被谈论它的人广泛使用和接受的编程语言。因此，它是特定于域和会话的。也许更好的表达方式是“流行的”、“传统的”、“主流的”或“广泛接受的”编程语言。例如，在商业和工业中，这指的是SQL、Java、C#、C%2B%2B、Python和PHP。|3093051|非正式编程语言的例子有SPL+(莎士比亚编程语言)、FORTRAN和CoffeeScript。更准确地说，一种语言比另一种语言更传统，因此更正式，而不是一种语言是正式的，而另一种语言是非正式的。毕竟，对于制作网站来说，Lisp是一种非常非正式的编程语言，但对于开发人工智能研究来说，它却是一种非常正式的编程语言。|3093052|entityMap^0|0|2|E|U|24|0|2P|3|2T|4|2Y|2|31|3|35|6|3C|3|0|B|3|Q|7|Y|C|31|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@$D|P|E|Q|F|G]|$D|R|E|S|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|T|8|@$D|U|E|V|F|G]|$D|W|E|X|F|G]|$D|Y|E|Z|F|G]|$D|10|E|11|F|G]|$D|12|E|13|F|G]|$D|14|E|15|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|16|8|@$D|17|E|18|F|G]|$D|19|E|1A|F|G]|$D|1B|E|1C|F|G]|$D|1D|E|1E|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$]]

The other answers are relating to the definition of formal programming language according to Computer Science. However, this answer is relating to the definition of formal programming language according to Social (wannabe) Science.

According to <code>dictionary.com</code>, one of the definitions for 'formal' is <code>being in accordance with the usual requirements, customs, etc.; conventional</code>.

A formal programming language is a programming language which is widely used and accepted by the person talking about it. Therefore, it is domain and conversation specific. Perhaps a better way of wording is 'popular', 
traditional', 'mainstream' or 'widely-accepted' programming language. For example, in business and industry this refers to <code>SQL</code>, <code>Java</code>, <code>C#</code>, <code>C++</code>, <code>Python</code> and <code>PHP</code>.

Examples of informal programming languages are <code>SPL</code> (the Shakespeare Programming Language), <code>FORTRAN</code> and <code>CoffeeScript</code>. It is more accurate to say that one language is more conventional and thus formal than another than it is to say that one language is formal and another is informal.
After all, <code>Lisp</code> would be a very informal programming language for making a website, but a very formal programming language for developing Artificial Intelligence research.

What does it mean that a programming language is a formal programming language? And which languages are formal programming languages? And which are informal programming languages?

I haven't found a good explanation yet.

What is a formal programming language?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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编程语言是一种正式的编程语言是什么意思？哪些语言是正式的编程语言？哪些是非正式的编程语言？我还没有找到一个好的解释。

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