我在使用TFileStream从文件中读取数据块到动态数组的Delphi代码中遇到了问题。编写代码的最初目标是比较两个文件的内容,这两个文件的大小相同,但日期和时间戳可能不同,以查看内容是否相同。这是通过将该对的每个文件中的数据读取到单独的动态数组中,并将一个数组的每个字节与另一个数组的相应字节进行比较来完成的。
该代码对TFileStream.Read进行多次调用。在大约75次调用之后,程序崩溃,并显示“内存不足”错误消息。
读取的数据块有多大似乎并不重要,重要的似乎是导致错误消息的调用次数。
代码是我编写的一个函数,每当程序遇到两个需要比较的文件时,它就会在其他地方被调用(因为我不会详细介绍的原因,可能是40或50个不同的文件对)。无论是以小块形式读取的单个文件,还是完整读取的多个文件,都会出现“内存不足”错误。似乎是调用的数量是错误的决定因素。
虽然我意识到可能有比下面所示更好的方法来实现文件的比较,但我真正想知道的是,导致内存问题的TFileStream和/或SetLength调用的使用出了什么问题。我尝试在每次调用后释放内存(如代码所示),但似乎没有什么不同。
如果有人能解释一下出了什么问题,我将不胜感激。
function Compare_file_contents(SPN,TPN : String; SourceFileSize : int64) : boolean;
var
SF : TFileStream; //First file of pair for comparison
TF : TFileStream; //Second file of pair
SourceArray : TBytes; // Buffer array to receive first file data
TargetArray : TBytes; //Buffer array to receive second file data
ArrayLength : int64; //Length of dynamic array
Position : int64; //Position within files to start each block of data read
TestPosition : int64; //Position within dynamic arrays to compare each byte
MaxArrayLength : integer; //Maximum size for the buffer arrays
LastRun : Boolean; //End first repeat loop
begin
{ The comparison has an arbitrary upper boundary of 100 MB to avoid slowing the
the overall program. The main files bigger than this will be *.pst files that
will most likely have new dates every time the program is run, so it will take
about the same time to copy the files as it does to read and compare them, and
it will have to be done every time.
The function terminates when it is confirmed that the files are not the same.
If the source file is bigger than 100 MB, it is simply assumed that they are
not identical, thus Result = False. Also, LongInt integers (=integers) have
a range of -2147483648..2147483647, so files bigger than 2 GB will have
overflowed to a negative number. Hence the check to see if the file size is
less than zero.
The outer repeat ... until loop terminates on LastRun, but LastRun should only
be set if SecondLastRun is True, because it will skip the final comparisons in
the inner repeat ... until loop otherwise. }
Result := True;
LastRun := False;
MaxArrayLength := 1024*1024;
if (SourceFileSize > 100*1024*1024) or (SourceFileSize < 0) then Result := False
else
begin
{ The comparison is done by using TFileStream to open and read the data from
the source and target files as bytes to dynamic arrays (TBytes). Then a repeat
loop is used to compare individual bytes until a difference is found or all
of the information has been compared. If a difference is found, Result is
set to False. }
if SourceFileSize > MaxArrayLength then ArrayLength := MaxArrayLength
else ArrayLength := SourceFileSize;
SF := TFileStream.Create(SPN,fmOpenRead);
TF := TFileStream.Create(TPN,fmOpenRead);
Position := 0;
SetLength(SourceArray,ArrayLength);
SetLength(TargetArray,ArrayLength);
try
SF.Read(SourceArray,ArrayLength);
TF.Read(TargetArray,ArrayLength);
Position := SF.Position;
finally
SF.Free;
TF.Free;
end;
repeat
TestPosition := 0;
repeat
if SourceArray[TestPosition] <> TargetArray[TestPosition] then
Result := False;
Inc(TestPosition);
until (Result = False) or (TestPosition = ArrayLength);
if SourceFileSize > Position then
begin
if SourceFileSize - Position - MaxArrayLength > 0 then
ArrayLength := MaxArrayLength
else ArrayLength := SourceFileSize - Position;
SF := TFileStream.Create(SPN,fmOpenRead);
TF := TFileStream.Create(TPN,fmOpenRead);
SF.Position := Position;
TF.Position := Position;
try
SF.Read(SourceArray,ArrayLength);
TF.Read(TargetArray,ArrayLength);
Position := SF.Position;
finally
SF.Free;
TF.Free;
end;
end else LastRun := True;
until (Result = False) or LastRun;
Finalize(SourceArray);
Finalize(TargetArray);
end;
end; { Compare_file_contents }发布于 2013-02-10 23:49:59
这个例程似乎比它需要的复杂得多。我提供了一个比较流的例程,而不是尝试调试它。
function StreamsEqual(Stream1, Stream2: TStream): Boolean;
const
OneKB = 1024;
var
Buffer1, Buffer2: array [0..4*OneKB-1] of Byte;
SavePos1, SavePos2: Int64;
Count: Int64;
N: Integer;
begin
if Stream1.Size<>Stream2.Size then begin
Result := False;
exit;
end;
SavePos1 := Stream1.Position;
SavePos2 := Stream2.Position;
Try
Stream1.Position := 0;
Stream2.Position := 0;
Count := Stream1.Size;
while Count <> 0 do begin
N := Min(SizeOf(Buffer1), Count);
Stream1.ReadBuffer(Buffer1, N);
Stream2.ReadBuffer(Buffer2, N);
if not CompareMem(@Buffer1, @Buffer2, N) then begin
Result := False;
exit;
end;
dec(Count, N);
end;
Result := True;
Finally
Stream1.Position := SavePos1;
Stream2.Position := SavePos2;
End;
end;如果您希望将100MB大小检查添加到此函数中,那么在哪里以及如何执行该操作是显而易见的。
上面的例程使用堆栈分配的缓冲区。相比之下,您的版本在堆上分配。也许您的版本会导致堆碎片。
我意识到这并没有回答你提出的直接问题。然而,它确实解决了你的问题。我希望这被证明是有用的。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14799420
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