我写了个小工具，让文件下载目录再也不会变成垃圾场

pip install watchdog

{
  "watch_dir": "C:/Users/YourName/Downloads",
  "rules": [
    {
      "name": "文档",
      "extensions": [".pdf", ".doc", ".docx", ".xls", ".xlsx", ".ppt", ".pptx", ".txt"],
      "target": "Documents"
    },
    {
      "name": "图片",
      "extensions": [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif", ".bmp", ".webp", ".svg"],
      "target": "Images"
    },
    {
      "name": "视频",
      "extensions": [".mp4", ".avi", ".mkv", ".mov", ".wmv", ".flv"],
      "target": "Videos"
    },
    {
      "name": "压缩包",
      "extensions": [".zip", ".rar", ".7z", ".tar", ".gz"],
      "target": "Archives"
    },
    {
      "name": "安装包",
      "extensions": [".exe", ".msi", ".dmg", ".deb", ".rpm"],
      "target": "Installers"
    },
    {
      "name": "代码",
      "extensions": [".py", ".js", ".html", ".css", ".json", ".xml", ".sql"],
      "target": "Code"
    }
  ],
  "default_target": "Others"
}

import os
import json
import shutil
import time
from pathlib import Path
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler

# 加载配置文件
def load_config(config_path="config.json"):
    with open(config_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        return json.load(f)

# 根据文件名判断应该归类到哪个文件夹
def get_target_folder(filename, rules, default_target):
    ext = Path(filename).suffix.lower()
    
    # 遍历规则，匹配扩展名
    for rule in rules:
        if ext in rule["extensions"]:
            return rule["target"]
    
    # 没匹配到，用默认分类
    return default_target

# 移动文件到目标文件夹
def move_file(file_path, watch_dir, target_folder):
    # 构建目标路径
    target_dir = os.path.join(watch_dir, target_folder)
    
    # 如果目标文件夹不存在，创建它
    if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
        os.makedirs(target_dir)
    
    # 目标文件路径
    filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
    target_path = os.path.join(target_dir, filename)
    
    # 如果目标路径已存在，加个时间戳避免覆盖
    if os.path.exists(target_path):
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        timestamp = time.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
        new_filename = f"{name}_{timestamp}{ext}"
        target_path = os.path.join(target_dir, new_filename)
    
    # 移动文件
    shutil.move(file_path, target_path)
    print(f"✓ 已移动: {filename} → {target_folder}/")

# 文件事件处理器
class DownloadHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.config = config
        self.watch_dir = config["watch_dir"]
        self.rules = config["rules"]
        self.default_target = config["default_target"]
    
    def on_created(self, event):
        # 只处理文件，不处理文件夹
        if event.is_directory:
            return
        
        file_path = event.src_path
        
        # 等待文件写入完成（有些大文件下载需要时间）
        time.sleep(1)
        
        # 检查文件是否还在（可能被浏览器临时占用）
        if not os.path.exists(file_path):
            return
        
        # 跳过临时文件（浏览器下载时的临时文件）
        filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
        if filename.endswith((".tmp", ".crdownload", ".part")):
            return
        
        # 获取分类并移动
        target = get_target_folder(filename, self.rules, self.default_target)
        move_file(file_path, self.watch_dir, target)

# 主函数
def main():
    # 加载配置
    config = load_config()
    watch_dir = config["watch_dir"]
    
    # 检查监控目录是否存在
    if not os.path.exists(watch_dir):
        print(f"错误: 目录不存在 - {watch_dir}")
        return
    
    print(f"开始监控: {watch_dir}")
    print("按 Ctrl+C 停止...")
    
    # 创建事件处理器和观察者
    handler = DownloadHandler(config)
    observer = Observer()
    observer.schedule(handler, watch_dir, recursive=False)
    
    # 启动监控
    observer.start()
    
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\n停止监控")
        observer.stop()
    
    observer.join()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

def move_file_by_date(file_path, watch_dir, target_folder):
    # 获取当前日期
    now = time.localtime()
    date_folder = f"{now.tm_year}{now.tm_mon:02d}"
    
    # 目标路径：Downloads/文档/202401/
    target_dir = os.path.join(watch_dir, target_folder, date_folder)
    
    if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
        os.makedirs(target_dir)
    
    filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
    target_path = os.path.join(target_dir, filename)
    
    if os.path.exists(target_path):
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        timestamp = time.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
        new_filename = f"{name}_{timestamp}{ext}"
        target_path = os.path.join(target_dir, new_filename)
    
    shutil.move(file_path, target_path)
    print(f"✓ 已移动: {filename} → {target_folder}/{date_folder}/")

开始监控: C:/Users/YourName/Downloads
按 Ctrl+C 停止...

✓ 已移动: 合同_2024.pdf → Documents/

✓ 已移动: screenshot.png → Images/

Downloads/
├── Documents/
│   ├── 合同.pdf
│   └── 报告.docx
├── Images/
│   └── photo.jpg
├── Videos/
├── Archives/
│   └── project.zip
└── Others/